They are among aviation's greatest mysteries, vanishing decades ago without a trace.
But experts say technology now exists to find both Flight 19, the
Navy squadron that took off from Fort Lauderdale in 1945, and Amelia
Earhart, the legendary aviatrix who in 1937 in Miami began her attempt
to fly around the world.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration currently
operates a ship that systematically explores the seven seas, and already
has discovered a number of sunken vessels and planes. Its multi-beam
sonar paints a three-dimensional image of the ocean floor, allowing it
to spot everything from wrecks to natural gas leaks.
Some private companies also offer vessels equipped with sophisticated
sonar, among them OceanGate, based in Seattle, Wash. Using a small
submarine, it recently discovered a World War II era Navy Hellcat
fighter plane in 240 feet of water off Miami Beach.
If someone were willing to pay "possibly hundreds of millions," the
submarine stands a good chance of finding Flight 19 or Earhart, said
Stockton Rush, CEO of OceanGate, which rents out subs for exploration,
research and commercial ventures.
"The technology to find those planes exists," he said. "It's really a question of, is it worth the investment?"
Some private expeditions have successfully found high-profile wrecks.
In 1985, explorer Robert Ballard spotted the Titanic 2 1/2 miles below
the surface of the North Atlantic, using underwater robots.
To
find Flight 19 or Earhart's plane, NOAA scientists would need a good
idea of where the wreckage sits. A search grid would be set up and
sensor equipment would then try to discern shapes on the ocean floor.
Several factors could make the quest difficult, including the planes'
depth, whether they broke up when they hit bottom and whether they are
covered with marine vegetation. Still, if NOAA's 224-foot Okeanas
Explorer were assigned to find those wrecks, it might succeed.
"If you pick a good survey area, sonar makes the likelihood of
discovery a little better," said Frank Cantelas, head marine
archaeologist for the NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research.
On the other hand, the ship's main missions are to map the seafloor
and examine the oceans for scientific purposes. It wouldn't specifically
hunt for Flight 19 or Amelia Earhart, particularly since NOAA operates
on a tight budget, Cantelas said.
"It's really a matter of prioritizing the things we do," he said.
"It's not that they have been deemed insignificant; it just that they
really haven't been discussed."
OceanGate's submarine also is primarily concerned with scientific
research. For instance, it found the Hellcat while inspecting 15
artificial coral reef sites for Miami-Dade County.
"Flight 19 and Amelia Earhart are of great public interest, but it's
hard to get an economic justification," Rush said. "It's sort of like
searching for the holy grail."
What has made finding Earhart's plane so difficult is that it could
be in a vast area of the Pacific and in 15,000 to 20,000 feet of water.
That didn't stop Richard Gillespie, executive director of The
International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery. Last July, he used
sonar to hunt for Earhart's plane near Nikumaroro, a small South Pacific
island, where he thinks she temporarily survived. However, no plane
wreckage was found.
Finding Flight 19, also known as the Lost Patrol, might be more
realistic, as the five planes are thought to be within a few hundred
miles of Daytona Beach.
Indeed, Jon Myhre is confident the five planes went down in the same
vicinity that debris from Space Shuttle Challenger was found after it
exploded in 1986. However, as yet, none of the planes have been spotted.
"I used aircraft performance information, weather, winds and radio
transmissions to come up with a point in the ocean," said Myhre, of
Sebastian, who wrote a book about the squadron, "Discovery of Flight
19." "All of it points to the same location."
Flight 19 took off from what was then the Fort Lauderdale Naval Air
Station -- today Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport -- on a
routine navigational and bombing exercise. But the flight leader got
lost and the planes are believed to have run out of fuel and crashed
into the ocean.
Myhre "absolutely" believes the technology exists to find those
single-engine bombers, as well as Earhart's plane. He only hopes that
interest won't wane as time passes.
"I applaud anybody who tries to find them," he said.
Credit : Huffington Post